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Intangible Assets

Non-physical assets like patents, trademarks, copyrights, and goodwill. They provide future economic benefits but lack physical substance. They are amortized rather than depreciated.

Leverage

The use of borrowed funds to increase potential returns. While leverage can magnify profits, it also increases risk. Commonly assessed through debt ratios.

Inventory Turnover

A ratio that shows how many times a company sells and replaces its inventory during a period. High turnover indicates efficiency, while low turnover may signal overstocking. Critical in retail and merchandising businesses.

Consolidated Financial Statements

Financial reports of a parent company and its subsidiaries presented as one entity. Eliminates intercompany transactions to avoid double-counting. Required when control exists over subsidiaries.

Overhead

Indirect costs that cannot be directly traced to products or services, such as utilities or administrative salaries. Overhead is allocated to ensure accurate costing. Helps in determining product profitability.