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Fraud Triangle

A model explaining factors that lead to fraud: pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. Widely used in auditing and forensic accounting. Helps organizations design better controls.

Merchandise Inventory

Goods purchased for resale in retail or merchandising businesses. It is a current asset until sold, after which it moves to Cost of Goods Sold. Proper tracking helps maintain accurate gross profit reporting.

Solvency

The ability to meet long-term obligations. Solvency is assessed by debt-to-equity and interest coverage ratios. A solvent company is more stable and less risky to creditors.

Purchase Discounts

Cash discounts taken for early payment of supplier invoices. Reduces the overall cost of purchases. An incentive to manage cash efficiently.

Customer Deposits

Funds received from customers as a guarantee of future performance. Treated as a liability until the service or product is delivered. Common in construction or real estate industries.